Page 173 - New Trends in Green Construction

FROM THE QUALITY OF INTERIORS ENVIRONMENTS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS
Milagros Lara de Williams
Keywords: interior environment, air quality, sick building, sustainable development 1. Introduction.
The environment dynamic has led to the emergence of new concepts to respond to the needs of the population, the preservation of the health and the environment itself, starting from the quality in interior environments, by making measurements of bio aerosols and parameters associated with comfort, temperature and relative humidity, to those related to the concept of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), that not only contemplates the previously mentioned but also the characteristics of the building. The diagnosis of the SBS allows us to detect the presence of contaminants, correcting bad practices of maintenance, which can lead to excessive energy consumption, which in the end results in an inadequate use of natural resources, with the consequent reduction and even possible exhaustion of the same. This is when the concept of sustainable development emerges, defined as an advance that meets the needs of the present without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This definition was used for the first time in 1987 in the World Commission on the Environment of the UN.
2. Materials and method.
Lara (2004) conducted a preliminary evaluation of the quality of indoor environments in day care centers and preschools, aimed at obtaining results that contribute to establishing recommended values or standards, adapted to the requirements and conditions of Venezuela. The parameters evaluated were: Bio aerosols (Fungi and bacteria), Relative Humidity, Temperature and Air Velocity For the measurement of biological agents or aerosols two techniques were used: gravitational, sedimentation in Petri dishes, qualitative and other volumetric, impaction, using an air sampler system, HIAIR, which allows obtaining quantitative results of the condition of the environment. The results were compared with the recommended levels according to the IAQA (acronym in English of the Association of Internal Air Quality of the United States), which indicates suggested limit values <300 CFU / m3 for fungi and <500 CFU / m3 for bacteria. With regard to Sick Building Syndrome (SEE), (Hernández and Landaeta, 2007), they evaluated in a preliminary way the factors that affected the appearance of the symptoms of the SEE, in the facilities of a university building.
They characterized the type of symptoms inherent to the SEE, estimated its magnitude, quantified the manifestations of the state of the facilities on the health of the teaching, administrative and student staff, and formulated corrective measures in order to minimize its effects. Within the framework of the project called "UCV Sustainable Campus", numerous works have been carried out, including that of Jiménez and Montozzi (2018), who evaluated the sustainability of a building of the Faculty of Engineering of the University City of Caracas through the international certification systems BREEAM, LEED, HQE and DGNB, using a research model based on the direct data collection of the study site and the application, as possible, of the different parameters established in each system, comparing the results obtained and proposing recommendations that could contribute to the sustainable aspects of the building, a survey was also applied in order to
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New Trends in Green Construction